Cheat Sheet

IV & Infusion Cheat Sheet

Everything for IV and infusion calculations on one printable page — flow rates, drip rates across all four drop factors, piggyback antibiotic rates, vasopressor infusion rates at standard concentrations, and fluid balance targets. Designed to print cleanly for a clipboard or pocket.

IV Formulas

CalculationFormula
Flow rate (mL/hr)Volume (mL) ÷ time (hours)
Drip rate (gtt/min)[Volume (mL) ÷ time (min)] × drop factor
Infusion durationVolume (mL) ÷ rate (mL/hr)
mcg/kg/min → mL/hr(dose × kg × 60) ÷ concentration (mcg/mL)
Concentration (mcg/mL)(mg in bag × 1,000) ÷ volume (mL)

Standard Rates — 1,000 mL Bag

OvermL/hr10 gtt15 gtt20 gtt60 gtt
4 hr250426383250
6 hr167284256167
8 hr125213142125
10 hr100172533100
12 hr8314212883
24 hr427101442

Short Infusions (Piggyback)

Volume15 min30 min60 min90 min
50 mL200 mL/hr100 mL/hr50 mL/hr33 mL/hr
100 mL400 mL/hr200 mL/hr100 mL/hr67 mL/hr
250 mL1,000 mL/hr500 mL/hr250 mL/hr167 mL/hr

Vasopressor Rates (70 kg)

Drug & bagConc.DoseRate
Dopamine 400 mg/250 mL1,600 mcg/mL5 mcg/kg/min13.1 mL/hr
Dopamine 400 mg/250 mL1,600 mcg/mL10 mcg/kg/min26.3 mL/hr
Dobutamine 250 mg/250 mL1,000 mcg/mL5 mcg/kg/min21.0 mL/hr
Nitroprusside 50 mg/250 mL200 mcg/mL0.5 mcg/kg/min10.5 mL/hr
Milrinone 20 mg/100 mL200 mcg/mL0.375 mcg/kg/min7.9 mL/hr

Always confirm the concentration on the bag in front of you — it varies by unit and pharmacy. High-alert infusions need an independent double-check.

Fluid Balance & Output

MeasureValue
Fluid balanceTotal intake − total output
Normal 24 hr balance−200 to +500 mL
Target urine output (adult)0.5–1.0 mL/kg/hr (≈30–50 mL/hr)
Insensible losses≈500–1,000 mL/day (unmeasured)
Weight change≈1 kg per 1 L fluid

Frequently Asked Questions

How long will a 1000 mL IV bag last at 125 mL/hr?

Eight hours. Dividing 1,000 mL by 125 mL/hr gives 8, which is why 125 mL/hr is such a common maintenance rate — it delivers a one litre bag across a standard eight hour shift.

What is the drip rate for 1000 mL over 8 hours with a 15 gtt/mL set?

31 drops per minute. Working: 1,000 mL divided by 480 minutes equals 2.08 mL/min, multiplied by the 15 gtt/mL drop factor gives 31.25, rounded to 31 drops per minute.

Why does gtt/min equal mL/hr on microdrip tubing?

Because a microdrip set delivers 60 drops per mL and there are 60 minutes in an hour, so the two cancel out. A rate of 100 mL/hr on a 60 gtt/mL set is exactly 100 drops per minute.

⚠️ Educational reference only, not medical advice. Reference ranges and protocols vary between institutions and laboratories — always follow your own institution's policy and verify against the prescription and label.