Four conversions nurses make every shift, on one page: temperature with a fever chart, body weight in kilograms, pounds and stone, height in centimetres and feet and inches, and blood glucose in mg/dL and mmol/L. Pick a tab, type a number, and the answer updates as you type, with the clinical ranges you usually need next.
°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. 1 kg = 2.20462 lb (exams round to 2.2), and 1 stone = 14 lb = 6.35 kg. 1 inch = 2.54 cm. For blood glucose, mmol/L × 18 = mg/dL, so 7.0 mmol/L is 126 mg/dL.
A temperature of 38.0°C (100.4°F) or higher is a fever. Normal body temperature usually sits between 36.1 and 37.2°C (97–99°F), lowest in the early morning and highest in the late afternoon. The number also depends on where you measured it. Axillary readings run lower than oral ones, and rectal and core readings run higher, so a reading means little without its site. Chart them together.
The bands below are the ones most nursing references use. Hypothermia stages follow the standard clinical classification. The fever bands above 38°C are conventions rather than strict definitions, and your facility may use different trigger points for escalation.
| Band | Celsius | Fahrenheit |
|---|---|---|
| Severe hypothermia | below 28.0°C | below 82.4°F |
| Moderate hypothermia | 28.0–31.9°C | 82.4–89.4°F |
| Mild hypothermia | 32.0–34.9°C | 89.6–94.8°F |
| Below the usual range | 35.0–36.0°C | 95.0–96.8°F |
| Normal | 36.1–37.2°C | 97.0–99.0°F |
| Borderline (low-grade) | 37.3–37.9°C | 99.1–100.2°F |
| Fever | 38.0–38.9°C | 100.4–102.0°F |
| High fever | 39.0–40.9°C | 102.2–105.6°F |
| Hyperpyrexia | 41.0°C or higher | 105.8°F or higher |
| Reading | Band | What it usually means for an adult |
|---|---|---|
| 36.9°C / 98.4°F | Normal | Within the usual range. |
| 37.5°C / 99.5°F | Borderline | Above the usual range but below the fever threshold. Recheck and look for other signs. |
| 37.8°C / 100.0°F | Borderline | Close to the threshold, not yet a fever. Recheck with the same method and site. |
| 38.0°C / 100.4°F | Fever | The threshold: from here a temperature counts as a fever. |
| 38.4°C / 101.1°F | Fever | Fever. Assess the patient, and follow orders and protocol for antipyretics and fluids. |
| 38.9°C / 102.0°F | Fever | Fever. Monitor closely and report as your protocol requires. |
| 39.0°C / 102.2°F | High fever | High fever. Report it; look for a cause and for warning signs. |
| 39.5°C / 103.1°F | High fever | High fever. Watch for dehydration, confusion and changes in breathing. |
| 40.0°C / 104.0°F | High fever | Needs prompt medical review. |
| 40.5°C / 104.9°F | High fever | Dangerous, especially with confusion or breathing difficulty. Escalate. |
| 41.0°C / 105.8°F | Hyperpyrexia | Medical emergency. |
Escalate sooner, whatever the number, for a fever with a stiff neck, severe headache, confusion, difficulty breathing, a rash that does not fade under pressure, or a seizure. In an infant under 3 months, any temperature of 38.0°C or more needs prompt medical assessment. Older adults and immunocompromised patients can be seriously unwell with only a small rise, or none.
| Celsius | Fahrenheit |
|---|---|
| 35.0°C | 95.0°F |
| 35.1°C | 95.2°F |
| 35.2°C | 95.4°F |
| 35.3°C | 95.5°F |
| 35.4°C | 95.7°F |
| 35.5°C | 95.9°F |
| 35.6°C | 96.1°F |
| 35.7°C | 96.3°F |
| 35.8°C | 96.4°F |
| 35.9°C | 96.6°F |
| 36.0°C | 96.8°F |
| 36.1°C | 97.0°F |
| 36.2°C | 97.2°F |
| 36.3°C | 97.3°F |
| 36.4°C | 97.5°F |
| 36.5°C | 97.7°F |
| 36.6°C | 97.9°F |
| 36.7°C | 98.1°F |
| 36.8°C | 98.2°F |
| 36.9°C | 98.4°F |
| 37.0°C | 98.6°F |
| 37.1°C | 98.8°F |
| 37.2°C | 99.0°F |
| 37.3°C | 99.1°F |
| 37.4°C | 99.3°F |
| 37.5°C | 99.5°F |
| 37.6°C | 99.7°F |
| 37.7°C | 99.9°F |
| 37.8°C | 100.0°F |
| 37.9°C | 100.2°F |
| 38.0°C | 100.4°F |
| 38.1°C | 100.6°F |
| 38.2°C | 100.8°F |
| 38.3°C | 100.9°F |
| 38.4°C | 101.1°F |
| 38.5°C | 101.3°F |
| 38.6°C | 101.5°F |
| 38.7°C | 101.7°F |
| 38.8°C | 101.8°F |
| 38.9°C | 102.0°F |
| 39.0°C | 102.2°F |
| 39.1°C | 102.4°F |
| 39.2°C | 102.6°F |
| 39.3°C | 102.7°F |
| 39.4°C | 102.9°F |
| 39.5°C | 103.1°F |
| 39.6°C | 103.3°F |
| 39.7°C | 103.5°F |
| 39.8°C | 103.6°F |
| 39.9°C | 103.8°F |
| 40.0°C | 104.0°F |
| 40.1°C | 104.2°F |
| 40.2°C | 104.4°F |
| 40.3°C | 104.5°F |
| 40.4°C | 104.7°F |
| 40.5°C | 104.9°F |
| 40.6°C | 105.1°F |
| 40.7°C | 105.3°F |
| 40.8°C | 105.4°F |
| 40.9°C | 105.6°F |
| 41.0°C | 105.8°F |
| 41.1°C | 106.0°F |
| 41.2°C | 106.2°F |
| 41.3°C | 106.3°F |
| 41.4°C | 106.5°F |
| 41.5°C | 106.7°F |
| Fahrenheit | Celsius |
|---|---|
| 95.0°F | 35.0°C |
| 95.1°F | 35.1°C |
| 95.2°F | 35.1°C |
| 95.3°F | 35.2°C |
| 95.4°F | 35.2°C |
| 95.5°F | 35.3°C |
| 95.6°F | 35.3°C |
| 95.7°F | 35.4°C |
| 95.8°F | 35.4°C |
| 95.9°F | 35.5°C |
| 96.0°F | 35.6°C |
| 96.1°F | 35.6°C |
| 96.2°F | 35.7°C |
| 96.3°F | 35.7°C |
| 96.4°F | 35.8°C |
| 96.5°F | 35.8°C |
| 96.6°F | 35.9°C |
| 96.7°F | 35.9°C |
| 96.8°F | 36.0°C |
| 96.9°F | 36.1°C |
| 97.0°F | 36.1°C |
| 97.1°F | 36.2°C |
| 97.2°F | 36.2°C |
| 97.3°F | 36.3°C |
| 97.4°F | 36.3°C |
| 97.5°F | 36.4°C |
| 97.6°F | 36.4°C |
| 97.7°F | 36.5°C |
| 97.8°F | 36.6°C |
| 97.9°F | 36.6°C |
| 98.0°F | 36.7°C |
| 98.1°F | 36.7°C |
| 98.2°F | 36.8°C |
| 98.3°F | 36.8°C |
| 98.4°F | 36.9°C |
| 98.5°F | 36.9°C |
| 98.6°F | 37.0°C |
| 98.7°F | 37.1°C |
| 98.8°F | 37.1°C |
| 98.9°F | 37.2°C |
| 99.0°F | 37.2°C |
| 99.1°F | 37.3°C |
| 99.2°F | 37.3°C |
| 99.3°F | 37.4°C |
| 99.4°F | 37.4°C |
| 99.5°F | 37.5°C |
| 99.6°F | 37.6°C |
| 99.7°F | 37.6°C |
| 99.8°F | 37.7°C |
| 99.9°F | 37.7°C |
| 100.0°F | 37.8°C |
| 100.1°F | 37.8°C |
| 100.2°F | 37.9°C |
| 100.3°F | 37.9°C |
| 100.4°F | 38.0°C |
| 100.5°F | 38.1°C |
| 100.6°F | 38.1°C |
| 100.7°F | 38.2°C |
| 100.8°F | 38.2°C |
| 100.9°F | 38.3°C |
| 101.0°F | 38.3°C |
| 101.1°F | 38.4°C |
| 101.2°F | 38.4°C |
| 101.3°F | 38.5°C |
| 101.4°F | 38.6°C |
| 101.5°F | 38.6°C |
| 101.6°F | 38.7°C |
| 101.7°F | 38.7°C |
| 101.8°F | 38.8°C |
| 101.9°F | 38.8°C |
| 102.0°F | 38.9°C |
| 102.1°F | 38.9°C |
| 102.2°F | 39.0°C |
| 102.3°F | 39.1°C |
| 102.4°F | 39.1°C |
| 102.5°F | 39.2°C |
| 102.6°F | 39.2°C |
| 102.7°F | 39.3°C |
| 102.8°F | 39.3°C |
| 102.9°F | 39.4°C |
| 103.0°F | 39.4°C |
| 103.1°F | 39.5°C |
| 103.2°F | 39.6°C |
| 103.3°F | 39.6°C |
| 103.4°F | 39.7°C |
| 103.5°F | 39.7°C |
| 103.6°F | 39.8°C |
| 103.7°F | 39.8°C |
| 103.8°F | 39.9°C |
| 103.9°F | 39.9°C |
| 104.0°F | 40.0°C |
| 104.1°F | 40.1°C |
| 104.2°F | 40.1°C |
| 104.3°F | 40.2°C |
| 104.4°F | 40.2°C |
| 104.5°F | 40.3°C |
| 104.6°F | 40.3°C |
| 104.7°F | 40.4°C |
| 104.8°F | 40.4°C |
| 104.9°F | 40.5°C |
| 105.0°F | 40.6°C |
| 105.1°F | 40.6°C |
| 105.2°F | 40.7°C |
| 105.3°F | 40.7°C |
| 105.4°F | 40.8°C |
| 105.5°F | 40.8°C |
| 105.6°F | 40.9°C |
| 105.7°F | 40.9°C |
| 105.8°F | 41.0°C |
| 105.9°F | 41.1°C |
| 106.0°F | 41.1°C |
| 106.1°F | 41.2°C |
| 106.2°F | 41.2°C |
| 106.3°F | 41.3°C |
| 106.4°F | 41.3°C |
| 106.5°F | 41.4°C |
| 106.6°F | 41.4°C |
| 106.7°F | 41.5°C |
| 106.8°F | 41.6°C |
| 106.9°F | 41.6°C |
| 107.0°F | 41.7°C |
Drug doses are calculated per kilogram, so a weight given in pounds or stone has to be converted before any mg/kg calculation. The exact factor is 2.20462 lb per kg. Nursing programs and exams use 2.2, which only moves the answer in the decimals: 154 lb is 69.9 kg exactly and 70 kg using 2.2. Use whichever your program tells you to, and use it consistently.
The error that matters is not the decimal. A weight in pounds entered as if it were kilograms more than doubles every weight-based dose. Where you can, weigh on the unit scale in kilograms and document in kilograms, so nobody has to convert at all. To practice the conversion inside full dosing problems, try the weight-based dosing practice.
| Pounds | Kilograms (exact factor) | Kilograms (÷ 2.2, exam method) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 lb | 4.5 kg | 4.5 kg |
| 20 lb | 9.1 kg | 9.1 kg |
| 30 lb | 13.6 kg | 13.6 kg |
| 40 lb | 18.1 kg | 18.2 kg |
| 50 lb | 22.7 kg | 22.7 kg |
| 60 lb | 27.2 kg | 27.3 kg |
| 70 lb | 31.8 kg | 31.8 kg |
| 80 lb | 36.3 kg | 36.4 kg |
| 90 lb | 40.8 kg | 40.9 kg |
| 100 lb | 45.4 kg | 45.5 kg |
| 110 lb | 49.9 kg | 50.0 kg |
| 120 lb | 54.4 kg | 54.5 kg |
| 130 lb | 59.0 kg | 59.1 kg |
| 140 lb | 63.5 kg | 63.6 kg |
| 150 lb | 68.0 kg | 68.2 kg |
| 160 lb | 72.6 kg | 72.7 kg |
| 170 lb | 77.1 kg | 77.3 kg |
| 180 lb | 81.6 kg | 81.8 kg |
| 190 lb | 86.2 kg | 86.4 kg |
| 200 lb | 90.7 kg | 90.9 kg |
| 210 lb | 95.3 kg | 95.5 kg |
| 220 lb | 99.8 kg | 100.0 kg |
| 230 lb | 104.3 kg | 104.5 kg |
| 240 lb | 108.9 kg | 109.1 kg |
| 250 lb | 113.4 kg | 113.6 kg |
| 260 lb | 117.9 kg | 118.2 kg |
| 270 lb | 122.5 kg | 122.7 kg |
| 280 lb | 127.0 kg | 127.3 kg |
| 290 lb | 131.5 kg | 131.8 kg |
| 300 lb | 136.1 kg | 136.4 kg |
| Kilograms | Pounds | Stone and pounds |
|---|---|---|
| 5 kg | 11.0 lb | 0 st 11 lb |
| 10 kg | 22.0 lb | 1 st 8 lb |
| 15 kg | 33.1 lb | 2 st 5 lb |
| 20 kg | 44.1 lb | 3 st 2 lb |
| 25 kg | 55.1 lb | 3 st 13 lb |
| 30 kg | 66.1 lb | 4 st 10 lb |
| 35 kg | 77.2 lb | 5 st 7 lb |
| 40 kg | 88.2 lb | 6 st 4 lb |
| 45 kg | 99.2 lb | 7 st 1 lb |
| 50 kg | 110.2 lb | 7 st 12 lb |
| 55 kg | 121.3 lb | 8 st 9 lb |
| 60 kg | 132.3 lb | 9 st 6 lb |
| 65 kg | 143.3 lb | 10 st 3 lb |
| 70 kg | 154.3 lb | 11 st 0 lb |
| 75 kg | 165.3 lb | 11 st 11 lb |
| 80 kg | 176.4 lb | 12 st 8 lb |
| 85 kg | 187.4 lb | 13 st 5 lb |
| 90 kg | 198.4 lb | 14 st 2 lb |
| 95 kg | 209.4 lb | 14 st 13 lb |
| 100 kg | 220.5 lb | 15 st 10 lb |
| 105 kg | 231.5 lb | 16 st 7 lb |
| 110 kg | 242.5 lb | 17 st 5 lb |
| 115 kg | 253.5 lb | 18 st 2 lb |
| 120 kg | 264.6 lb | 18 st 13 lb |
| 125 kg | 275.6 lb | 19 st 10 lb |
| 130 kg | 286.6 lb | 20 st 7 lb |
| 135 kg | 297.6 lb | 21 st 4 lb |
| 140 kg | 308.6 lb | 22 st 1 lb |
| 145 kg | 319.7 lb | 22 st 12 lb |
| 150 kg | 330.7 lb | 23 st 9 lb |
| Stone | Pounds | Kilograms |
|---|---|---|
| 6 st | 84 lb | 38.1 kg |
| 7 st | 98 lb | 44.5 kg |
| 8 st | 112 lb | 50.8 kg |
| 9 st | 126 lb | 57.2 kg |
| 10 st | 140 lb | 63.5 kg |
| 11 st | 154 lb | 69.9 kg |
| 12 st | 168 lb | 76.2 kg |
| 13 st | 182 lb | 82.6 kg |
| 14 st | 196 lb | 88.9 kg |
| 15 st | 210 lb | 95.3 kg |
| 16 st | 224 lb | 101.6 kg |
| 17 st | 238 lb | 108.0 kg |
| 18 st | 252 lb | 114.3 kg |
| 19 st | 266 lb | 120.7 kg |
| 20 st | 280 lb | 127.0 kg |
Height feeds BMI, body surface area and ideal body weight, and those formulas want centimetres or inches. One inch is exactly 2.54 cm and one foot is 30.48 cm. To turn centimetres into feet and inches, divide by 2.54 to get total inches, then divide by 12: the whole number is feet and the remainder is inches. 175 cm ÷ 2.54 = 68.9 in, which is 5 ft 8.9 in.
Measure height standing, shoes off, rather than taking the patient's word for it. Self-reported heights tend to run high, and that error carries straight into a BSA-based dose. Use the BSA calculator or the ideal body weight calculator once you have the number.
| Centimetres | Feet and inches | Total inches |
|---|---|---|
| 140 cm | 4 ft 7.1 in | 55.1 in |
| 142 cm | 4 ft 7.9 in | 55.9 in |
| 144 cm | 4 ft 8.7 in | 56.7 in |
| 146 cm | 4 ft 9.5 in | 57.5 in |
| 148 cm | 4 ft 10.3 in | 58.3 in |
| 150 cm | 4 ft 11.1 in | 59.1 in |
| 152 cm | 4 ft 11.8 in | 59.8 in |
| 154 cm | 5 ft 0.6 in | 60.6 in |
| 156 cm | 5 ft 1.4 in | 61.4 in |
| 158 cm | 5 ft 2.2 in | 62.2 in |
| 160 cm | 5 ft 3.0 in | 63.0 in |
| 162 cm | 5 ft 3.8 in | 63.8 in |
| 164 cm | 5 ft 4.6 in | 64.6 in |
| 166 cm | 5 ft 5.4 in | 65.4 in |
| 168 cm | 5 ft 6.1 in | 66.1 in |
| 170 cm | 5 ft 6.9 in | 66.9 in |
| 172 cm | 5 ft 7.7 in | 67.7 in |
| 174 cm | 5 ft 8.5 in | 68.5 in |
| 176 cm | 5 ft 9.3 in | 69.3 in |
| 178 cm | 5 ft 10.1 in | 70.1 in |
| 180 cm | 5 ft 10.9 in | 70.9 in |
| 182 cm | 5 ft 11.7 in | 71.7 in |
| 184 cm | 6 ft 0.4 in | 72.4 in |
| 186 cm | 6 ft 1.2 in | 73.2 in |
| 188 cm | 6 ft 2.0 in | 74.0 in |
| 190 cm | 6 ft 2.8 in | 74.8 in |
| 192 cm | 6 ft 3.6 in | 75.6 in |
| 194 cm | 6 ft 4.4 in | 76.4 in |
| 196 cm | 6 ft 5.2 in | 77.2 in |
| 198 cm | 6 ft 6.0 in | 78.0 in |
| 200 cm | 6 ft 6.7 in | 78.7 in |
| Feet and inches | Centimetres |
|---|---|
| 4 ft 8 in | 142.2 cm |
| 4 ft 9 in | 144.8 cm |
| 4 ft 10 in | 147.3 cm |
| 4 ft 11 in | 149.9 cm |
| 5 ft 0 in | 152.4 cm |
| 5 ft 1 in | 154.9 cm |
| 5 ft 2 in | 157.5 cm |
| 5 ft 3 in | 160.0 cm |
| 5 ft 4 in | 162.6 cm |
| 5 ft 5 in | 165.1 cm |
| 5 ft 6 in | 167.6 cm |
| 5 ft 7 in | 170.2 cm |
| 5 ft 8 in | 172.7 cm |
| 5 ft 9 in | 175.3 cm |
| 5 ft 10 in | 177.8 cm |
| 5 ft 11 in | 180.3 cm |
| 6 ft 0 in | 182.9 cm |
| 6 ft 1 in | 185.4 cm |
| 6 ft 2 in | 188.0 cm |
| 6 ft 3 in | 190.5 cm |
| 6 ft 4 in | 193.0 cm |
| 6 ft 5 in | 195.6 cm |
| 6 ft 6 in | 198.1 cm |
The US reports blood glucose in mg/dL. The UK, Canada, Australia and most of Europe use mmol/L. Multiply mmol/L by 18 to get mg/dL, or divide mg/dL by 18. The exact factor, from the molar mass of glucose, is 18.016, which makes no practical difference at the bedside. If a reading looks implausible after conversion, check which unit the meter or the lab report uses before acting on it.
The ranges below follow the American Diabetes Association. ADA defines level 3 hypoglycemia by symptoms, not by a number: altered mental or physical status that needs another person's help, at any glucose level. A single reading is not a diagnosis; diabetes is diagnosed on confirmed testing.
| Category | mg/dL | mmol/L |
|---|---|---|
| Level 2 hypoglycemia | below 54 | below 3.0 |
| Level 1 hypoglycemia | 54–69 | 3.0–3.8 |
| Fasting, normal | 70–99 | 3.9–5.5 |
| Fasting, prediabetes | 100–125 | 5.6–6.9 |
| Fasting, diabetes range | 126 or higher | 7.0 or higher |
| 2-hour OGTT, normal | below 140 | below 7.8 |
| 2-hour OGTT, prediabetes | 140–199 | 7.8–11.0 |
| 2-hour OGTT, diabetes range | 200 or higher | 11.1 or higher |
| Glucose threshold for HHS | 600 or higher | 33.3 or higher |
| mg/dL | mmol/L |
|---|---|
| 40 mg/dL | 2.2 mmol/L |
| 54 mg/dL | 3.0 mmol/L |
| 60 mg/dL | 3.3 mmol/L |
| 70 mg/dL | 3.9 mmol/L |
| 80 mg/dL | 4.4 mmol/L |
| 90 mg/dL | 5.0 mmol/L |
| 100 mg/dL | 5.6 mmol/L |
| 110 mg/dL | 6.1 mmol/L |
| 120 mg/dL | 6.7 mmol/L |
| 126 mg/dL | 7.0 mmol/L |
| 130 mg/dL | 7.2 mmol/L |
| 140 mg/dL | 7.8 mmol/L |
| 150 mg/dL | 8.3 mmol/L |
| 160 mg/dL | 8.9 mmol/L |
| 180 mg/dL | 10.0 mmol/L |
| 200 mg/dL | 11.1 mmol/L |
| 220 mg/dL | 12.2 mmol/L |
| 250 mg/dL | 13.9 mmol/L |
| 300 mg/dL | 16.7 mmol/L |
| 350 mg/dL | 19.4 mmol/L |
| 400 mg/dL | 22.2 mmol/L |
| 500 mg/dL | 27.8 mmol/L |
| 600 mg/dL | 33.3 mmol/L |
| mmol/L | mg/dL |
|---|---|
| 3 mmol/L | 54 mg/dL |
| 3.9 mmol/L | 70 mg/dL |
| 4 mmol/L | 72 mg/dL |
| 5 mmol/L | 90 mg/dL |
| 5.5 mmol/L | 99 mg/dL |
| 6 mmol/L | 108 mg/dL |
| 7 mmol/L | 126 mg/dL |
| 8 mmol/L | 144 mg/dL |
| 9 mmol/L | 162 mg/dL |
| 10 mmol/L | 180 mg/dL |
| 11.1 mmol/L | 200 mg/dL |
| 12 mmol/L | 216 mg/dL |
| 15 mmol/L | 270 mg/dL |
| 20 mmol/L | 360 mg/dL |
| 25 mmol/L | 450 mg/dL |
| 33.3 mmol/L | 600 mg/dL |
37°C is 98.6°F, the figure usually quoted as average body temperature. Normal body temperature actually covers a range, about 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), and varies through the day and by measurement site.
A temperature of 38.0°C (100.4°F) or higher counts as a fever. Between about 37.3 and 37.9°C is borderline. In an infant under 3 months, any temperature of 38.0°C or more needs prompt medical assessment.
No. 37.5°C (99.5°F) is above the usual range but below the 38.0°C fever threshold. Recheck with the same method and site, and look at the rest of the assessment.
Yes. 39.0°C (102.2°F) is usually described as a high fever. It needs reporting, a look for the cause, and closer monitoring, following the orders and protocol in place.
1 kg is 2.20462 lb. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide by 2.20462; nursing exams round this to 2.2. A patient weighing 154 lb is 69.9 kg exactly, or 70 kg using 2.2.
One stone is 14 lb, which is 6.35 kg. Stone is still common in the UK and Ireland. To convert, multiply stones by 6.35, or convert to pounds first and then to kilograms.
5 ft 7 in is 67 inches. Multiply by 2.54: 67 × 2.54 = 170.2 cm.
Multiply mmol/L by 18 (18.016 exactly). 7.0 mmol/L is 126 mg/dL, the fasting threshold for diabetes. To go the other way, divide mg/dL by 18.
A normal fasting glucose is 70–99 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L). 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) is prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher is in the diabetes range. A diagnosis needs confirmed testing, not a single reading.